The lunar canyons Vallis Schrödinger and Vallis Planck are extraordinarily deep, and scientists now know the valleys were carved by bullet-fast moon rocks.

The Earth's Grand Canyon took millions of years to carve, but the moon's grand canyons took about ten minutes.

Using energy greater than the global nuclear weapons inventory, an impact event carved two grand canyons into the moon’s surface, and the asymmetrical distribution could clear the way for future lunar missions.

"When the impacting asteroid or comet hit the lunar surface, it excavated a tremendous volume of rock that was launched into space above the lunar surface before it came crashing