The first splays the cylinder out into a fan shape with pushrods operating the valves. The description submitted to the World Intellectual Property Organization describes the solution as ...

Overhead-valve internal-combustion engines, in which the valves are located in the cylinder head and actuated by a block-mounted camshaft via pushrods, go way back in automotive history.

The engine was simple, with a ball valve that admitted air into the cylinder when a spring mounted ... ball valve with one actuated by a cam and pushrod. This would increase the complexity of ...