They begin their life cycle as ‘Spores’. Spores are created by an adult plant without any need for pollination. Spores have to get out into the big wide world too. So, just like flowering ...

Such animals are called pollinators, and research has shown that not only insects but also wolves help the pollination cycle as pollinators. Canids as pollinators? Nectar foraging by Ethiopian ...

They pollinate, break down waste, cycle nutrients, and touch every node in the web of life, filling endless ... heavily on tiny flies called midges for pollination. “The cacao pollination ...

Bumblebees with pesticide exposure experience hormetic stress responses with impacts on future generations and reproduction.