changing from a solid to a liquid, for example. This basic model is, however, just that: there are many, many more states of matter out there that it doesn’t capture. The next most familiar is ...

A strange phase of matter that previously existed purely in ... A long-range ordered phase is one in which the molecules in a ...

For example, superconducting sensors can ... thermodynamics and statistical mechanics of condensed matter systems, phase transitions and critical phenomena, Ising model and other spin models, ...

Phase transitions and critical ... A change in the state of matter, such as from a solid to a liquid, is a classic example. Electrons at extremely low density and temperature can crystallize ...

Phase transitions, shifts between different states of matter, are widely explored physical phenomena. So far, these ...

Understanding the three states of matter—solid, liquid, and gas—has long ... Scientists have relied on phase diagrams for years to determine the states of various substances under specific ...