In rheumatic heart disease, an autoimmune attack on the mitral valve produces thickening of the valve leaflets. The mitral valve is often described as having a "fish-mouth" appearance. Whether the ...
The following is a summary of “Impact of Exercise on Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation and Its Determinants: An Exercise ...
Chronic heart failure is a syndrome, not a specific disease, and occurs as a final common pathway in multiple disease states. The pathophysiology of chronic heart failure (HF) exists when either ...