The center of a tree or shrub stem (from roots to trunk, branches, and twigs) is woody, composed of xylem cells that conduct water from the roots to the upper parts of the tree. That woody section is ...

A number of readers have inquired as to the status of garden soil or landscaped ground following a fire.

What's that tree made of? Leaves and bark, xylem and phloem, and cambium. What are those made of? Cells, molecules, carbon atoms. But what's an atom made of? What is matter, really? Matter is ...

Many oak tree species have thick outer bark that protects the inner cambium layer, from which new growth occurs. This growth produces xylem cells to the outside and phloem cells to the inside ...